Monitoring to Anticipate

What kind of epidemiological surveillance is needed to better monitor and anticipate current and future changes in pest populations, in relation to major changes (agroecological transition, climate, etc.)? Small Data: how to proceed when data is sparse or very limited? What analysis methods should be developed and how should they be made available? How can we anticipate health crises? Can systematic approaches to crisis anticipation be developed, considering all aspects (biological, economic, organizational, etc.)? Is it possible to create proof-of-concept in one or a few specific situations?